Illustration of a French-Canadian dit name, a paired second surname

Dit Names Explained: The French-Canadian ‘Aliases’

What a dit name is, why French-Canadian families carried two surnames, and how dit names trip up genealogists—plus how to search past them.

Illustration of a French-Canadian surname being anglicized after migration to the United States

French-Canadian Surnames That Were Anglicized

Many “English” surnames are anglicized French-Canadian names—translated or respelled. Learn how it happened and how to recover your family’s original French name.

Illustration of French-Canadian surname spelling variations branching from a root name

French-Canadian Surname Variants and Spelling Changes

Why French-Canadian surnames appear in so many spellings, how variants differ from dit names and anglicizations, and how to search for every form of your name.

Illustration of researching a French-Canadian surname back to its French parish

How to Research the Origin of Your French-Canadian Surname

A step-by-step method to trace your French-Canadian surname back to its immigrant founder and French origin—handling dit names, variants, and Y-DNA along the way.

Illustration of a passport representing Canadian citizenship by descent

Canadian Citizenship by Descent: A Complete 2026 Guide

How Canadian citizenship by descent works after Bill C-3—who may qualify, the Dec 15 2025 dividing line, the certificate process, costs, and the documents you need.

Illustration of a Canadian citizenship eligibility self-check

Am I a Canadian Citizen? How to Check If You Qualify by Descent

A plain-language self-assessment: how to tell whether you may already be a Canadian citizen by descent under Bill C-3, starting from your date of birth and your family line.

Illustration of Canada's Bill C-3 citizenship law reform

Bill C-3 Explained: The 2025 Changes to Citizenship by Descent

What Bill C-3 changed, how it became law, the new substantial-connection test, and the June 2026 documentary review—a plain-language explainer, not legal advice.

Illustration of Canada's Lost Canadians and their restored citizenship chain

Lost Canadians Explained: Who They Are and Why It Matters

Who the “Lost Canadians” are, how outdated citizenship laws stranded them, and how Bill C-3 and the June 2026 review brought the term back into the headlines.

Illustration of documents required for a Canadian citizenship by descent application

Documents You Need for Canadian Citizenship by Descent

The records you need to prove a Canadian citizenship-by-descent claim—why “source authority” documents matter after June 2026, and how to get certified Québec vital records.

Illustration contrasting French citizenship myths with the real Canadian citizenship path

French Citizenship Through New France Ancestry: Is It Possible?

Can descending from a New France settler make you a French citizen? An honest look at why the answer is almost always no—and what path actually may be open to you.